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Declaración Universal de los Derechos del Animal
PREAMBULO ·Considerando que todo animal posee derechos ·Considerando que el desconocimiento de dichos derechos ha conducido y sigue conduciendo al hombre a cometer crímenes contra la naturaleza y contra los animales ·Considerando que el reconocimiento por parte de la especie humana de los derechos a la existencia de las otras especies animales, constituye el fundamento de la coexistencia de las especies en el mundo ·Considerando que el hombre comete genocidio y existe la amenaza de que siga cometiéndolo ·Considerando que el respeto hacia los animales por el hombre está ligado al respeto de los hombres entre ellos mismos ·Considerando que la educación debe enseñar, desde la infancia, a observar, comprender, respetar y amar a los animales SE PROCLAMA LO SIGUIENTE: Artículo
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Este texto definitivo de la Declaración Universal de los Derechos del Animal ha sido adoptado por la Liga Internacional de los Derechos del Animal y las Ligas Nacionales afiliadas tras la 3.ª reunión sobre los derechos del animal, celebradas en Londres del 21 al 23 de septiembre de 1977. La declaración proclamada el 15 de octubre de 1978 por la Liga Internacional, las Ligas Nacionales y las personas físicas que se asocien a ellas, fue aprobada por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación la Ciencia y la Cultura (UNESCO), y posteriormente por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU).
The Spirit of the Universal Declaration of Animal Rights
The Universal Declaration of Animal Rights was solemnly proclaimed on October 15, 1978, at UNESCO House in Paris. The declaration constitutes a philosophical stance on the relationship that must now be established between the human species and other species. The philosophy is founded on modern scientific knowledge and expresses the principle of the equality of species with regard to Life. It provides humanity with a code of biological ethics. Universal egalitarianism is not a new concept; it is seen in civilisations predating Western civilisation and in religions quite different from the Judaeo-Christian tradition. But these ethics needed to be stated clearly and firmly in today's world which has already suffered considerable disruption and is constantly threatened with destruction, violence and cruelty. While humanity has gradually managed to draw up a code of rights for its own species, it does not hold any special right over the universe, being, in fact, only one of the animal species on the planet and one of the most recent. Life does not belong to the human species; man is neither the creator nor the exclusive owner of Life. Life belongs equally to fish, insects, mammals, birds and even plants. In the living world, man has created an arbitrary hierarchy not found in nature and which only takes into account specifically human uses. This anthropocentric hierarchy has given rise to specism, i.e. the adoption of different attitudes towards different species, destroying some, while protecting others, declaring some to be "useful" and others "pests" or "fierce", reserving the term "intelligence" for the human species, whereas animals are merely granted "instincts". Specism is what led man to believe that animals do not experience suffering as humans do. Today it is quite clear that, on the contrary, animals do experience physical suffering in the same way as humans, and that animal thought, related to the presence of a central nervous system, is far more complex than neuroscience had suggested, which therefore means that animals also experience mental suffering. These faculties confer special rights on animals in comparison to vegetables. The Universal Declaration of Animal Rights is designed to help humanity restore its harmonious relationship with the universe. It is not designed to revive the lifestyle of primitive tribes. It is a stage during which humans will come to respect life in all its forms, for the benefit of the entire biological community to which humankind belongs and on which it depends. The Declaration must not divert attention from the fight against human poverty and suffering, both mental and physical, against rampant selfishness, political detention and torture. Quite the opposite. By observing respect for animal rights, human rights will also be respected, the two being inseparable. The Universal Declaration of Animal Rights presents humanity with a philosophy, a code of biological ethics and a code of moral behaviour which, when given careful consideration, and when true awareness is developed, will help the human race resume its proper position amongst the different living species as part of the balance of nature, this being a basic prerequisite for the very survival of the human species. This means that the human species must change present attitudes and abandon anthropocentrism, as well as all forms of zoolatry, so as to adopt a mode of behaviour and moral code based on the defence of Life and grant precedence being given to biocentrism. With such ambitions, the Universal Declaration of Animal Rights constitutes a key stage in the history of human intelligence and moral considerations.
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